KANGARA FORT
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| KANGARA FORT |
The Kangra Fort is found twenty kilometers from the city of Dharamsala on the outskirts of the city of Kangra, India.The Kangra Fort was designed by the royal Rajpoot family of Kangra State (the Katoch dynasty), that traces its origins to the traditional Trigarta Kingdom, mentioned within the religious writing epic. it's the most important fort within the chain of mountains and doubtless the oldest dated fort in Republic of India.The fort of Kangra resisted Akbar's blockade in 1615. However, Akbar's son Jehangir with success subdued the fort in 1620. Kangra was at the time dominated by Raja Hari Chand Katoch of Kangra (also referred to as Raja Hari Chand II) Mughal Emperor Jahangir with the assistance of Suraj Mal garrisoned along with his troops.The Katoch Kings repeatedly empty Mughal controlled regions, weakening the Mughal management, aiding within the decline of Mughal power, Raja Sansar Chand-II succeeded in convalescent the traditional fort of his ancestors, in 1789. prince Sansar Chand fought multiple battles with Gurkhas on one facet and Sikh King prince Ranjit Singh on the opposite.
Sansar Chand accustomed keep his neighboring Kings imprisoned, and this LED to conspiracies against him. throughout a battle between the Sikhs and Katochs, the gates of the fort had been unbroken open for provides.The Gurkha army entered the opened scarcely armed gates in 1806. This forced AN alliance between prince Sansar Chand and prince Ranjit Singh. attributable to the insufficiency of the requirement among the fort when an extended war and unable to acquire any, the Gurkhas left the Fort. The Fort remained with the Katochs till 1828 once Ranjit Singh annexed it when Sansar Chand's death. The fort was finally taken by nation when the Sikh war of 1846.A British garrison occupied the fort till it had been heavily broken in AN earthquake on four Apr 1905.The entrance to the fort is thru alittle court boxed between 2 gates that were designed throughout the Sikh amount, as seems from AN inscription over the doorway.
From here an extended and slim passage leads up to the highest of the fort, through the Ahani and Amiri Darwaza (gate), each attributed to nabob Saif Ali Khan, the primary Mughal Governor of Kangra. concerning five hundred feet from the outer gate the passage turns spherical at a really sharp angle and passes through the Jehangiri Darwaza.The Darsani Darwaza, that is currently flanked by marred statues of stream Goddesses Ganga and Yamuna gave access to a court, on the side of that stood the shrines Lakshmi-Narayana Sitala and Ambika Hindu deity. In between these shrines could be a passage that leads up to the palace. it's one in all the foremost stunning forts in Republic of India.
The fort is true next to Kangra city. 32.1°N 76.27°E The fort stands on a steep rock in Purana Kangra (translates to recent Kangra) dominating the encompassing depression, designed strategically at the "sangam" confluence (places wherever 2 rivers meet) of Banganga and Majhi rivers. it's same that Kangra belongs to at least one UN agency owns the fort.Also as regards to recent Kangra is that the far-famed Jayanti Mata temple on a hill prime. The Temple was designed by the final of the Gorkha Army, Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa. additionally near entrance could be a tiny deposit that exhibits the history of Kangra fort.Adjoining the Fort is that the prince Sansar Chand Katoch deposit pass by the royalty of Kangra. The deposit additionally provides audio guides for the fort and also the deposit and includes a eating place.
MANIMAHESH LAKE
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| MANIMAHESH LAKE |
Manimahesh Lake (also referred to as decalitre Lake, Manimahesh) may be a high altitude lake (elevation four,080 metres (13,390 ft)) located near the Manimahesh Kailash Peak within the Pir Panjal vary of the mountain chain, within the Bharmour subdivision of Chamba district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The non secular significance of this lake is next thereto of the Lake Manasarovar in Thibet.manimahesh lake read The lake is that the venue of a extremely revered journeying trek undertaken throughout the month of August/September cherish the month of Hindu calendar month in line with lunisolar calendar, on the eighth day of the phase of the moon amount. it's referred to as the ‘Manimahesh Yatra’. the govt of Himachal Pradesh has declared it as a state-level journeying.According to one in style legend, it's believed that Lord Shiva created Manimahesh when he married divinity Hindu deity, World Health Organization is loved as Mata Girija. The area unit several legends narrated linking Lord Shiva and his show of annoyance through acts of avalanches and blizzards that occur within the region.Legend conjointly mentions that Shiva performed penance on the banks of Manimahesh Lake. within the same vein, it's mentioned that Gaddis, the tribes of this region, adopted Lord Shiva as their deity. Gaddis are the people who reside in the Gaddi Valley which is the name of the upper regions of Ravi River where the Mount Chamba Kailash lies.
Further, according to the legend, the Shiva, who lived in Mount Kailash, the highest mountain of the state, gifted the Gaddis with a Chuhali topi (pointed cap), which they wear traditionally along with their other dress of chola (coat) and dora (a long black cord about 10–15 m long). The Gaddis started calling the land of this mountainous region as 'Shiv Bhumi' ("Land of Shiva") and themselves as devotees of Shiva. The legend further states that before Shiva married Parvati at Mansarovar Lake and became the “universal parents of the universe”, Shiva created the Mount Kailash in Himachal Pradesh and made it his abode. He made Gaddis his devotees. The land where Gaddis lived extended from 15 miles (24 km) west of Bharmaur, upstream of the confluence of Budhil and Ravi rivers, up to Manimahesh. Manimahesh was also considered the abode of the three Lords of the universe namely, Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma. Manimahesh was reckoned as the heaven (Kaliasa) of Lord Shiva. The waterfall seen at the Dhancho on the way to Manimahesh Lake, and which emanates from the lake, was considered as the heaven (Vaikunta) of Vishnu. The heaven of Bramha is cited as a mound overlooking the Bharmaur city. The Gaddis also believe that Shiva resides in the Mount Kailash for six months, whereafter he moves to the netherworld handing over the reigns to Lord Vishnu. The day he departs to the netherworld is observed by the Gaddis reverentially every year, which is the Janmashtami day, the eighth day of the month of Bhadon (August), the birthday of Lord Krishna (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu).
Shiva returned from the netherworld to Bharamaur at the end of February, before the night of his wedding and this day is observed as the Shivratri day; Gaddis observe this also as a festive day since Shiva and Parvati returned to Mount Kailash in the Gaddi land. Etymology of 'Manimahesh' signifies a "jewel (Mani) on Lord Shiva's (Mahesh's) crown". According to a local legend, the moon-rays reflected from the jewel can be seen from Manimahesh Lake on clear full moon night (which is a rare occasion). However, it has been inferred that such a phenomenon could be the result of reflection of light from the glacier that embellishes the peak in the form of a serpent around Shiva's neck. A legend in which Lord Shiva himself is tricked is narrated. in line with this narration joined to Dhancho wherever pilgrims pay an evening on their thanks to Manimahesh Lake, Lord Shiva, happy with the devotion of 1 of his ardent devotees Bhasmasur (an Asura or demon) presented a boon, that gave powers to Bhasmasur below that Bhasmasur touching anyone would cut back that person to ashes. Bhasmasur wished to undertake this boon on Shiva himself.
He, therefore, followed Shiva to the touch him and acquire obviate him. However, Shiva managed to flee and enter into the body of water at Dhancho and take shelter in a very cave behind the rolling waters of the autumn. Bhasmasur couldn't get through the body of water. Then, Lord Vishnu intervened and killed Bhasamasur. Since then the autumn is taken into account holy. A rare event of the primary sun’s rays falling on the Mani Mahesh peak is seen in reflection within the lake like saffron tilak. This show within the lake has increased the legendary belief of the Gaddis on the holiness of Manimahesh Lake at the bottom of the Mount Kailash, that they visit on associate degree annual journeying. This event has conjointly contributed to the observe of taking bathtub within the lake on Janmashtami day or Radhashtami day, fifteen days when the birth of Lord Krishna.
CHIRST CHURCH
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| CHRIST CHURCH |
Christchurch (/ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/; Māori: Ōtautahi) is the largest town within the island of recent Seeland and also the seat of the town Region. The Christchurch urban space lies on the South Island's geographic area, just north of Banks dry land. It is home to 389,700 residents, making it New Zealand's third most-populous urban space behind urban center and Wellington.The city was named by the town Association, which settled the encompassing province of town. The name of Christchurch was united on at the initial meeting of the association on twenty seven March 1848. It was suggested by John Henry M. Robert Godley, who had attended Christ Church, Oxford. Some early writers called the city Christ Church, but it was recorded as metropolis within the minutes of the management committee of the association.
Christchurch became a town by Royal Charter on thirty one Gregorian calendar month 1856, making it formally the oldest established town in New Seeland.The Avon River flows through the centre of the town, with an urban park set on its banks. At the request of the Deans brothers, the river was named when the stream Avon in European nation, which rises in the dairy cow hills as regards to wherever their grandfather's farm was set.The usual Māori name for Christchurch is Ōtautahi ("the place of Tautahi"). This was originally the name of a specific site by the Avon stream close to current Kilmore Street and also the metropolis Central station. The site was a seasonal habitation of Ngāi Tahu chief Te Potiki Tautahi, whose main home was Port Levy on Banks Peninsula.
The Ōtautahi name was adopted in the 1930s. Prior to that the Ngāi Tahu typically brought up the metropolis space as Karaitiana, a transliteration of the English word Christian. The city's name is often abbreviated by New Zealanders to Chch. In New Zealand Sign Language, the city's name is the fingerspelled letter C (made by forming the hand into a C shape) signed twice, with the second to the right of the primary, while mouthing "Christchurch".Archaeological proof found in a cave at Redcliffs in 1876 has indicated that the metropolis space was initial settled by moa-hunting tribes concerning 1250 metal. These first inhabitants were thought to have been followed by the Waitaha tribe, who square measure same to have migrated from the geographic area of the North Island within the sixteenth century. Following tribal warfare, the Waitaha (made of three peoples) were unfortunate by the Ngati Mamoe tribe. They were in turn defeated by the Ngāi Tahu tribe, who remained in management till the arrival of European settlers.
Following the purchase of land at Putaringamotu (modern Riccarton) by the Weller brothers, whalers of Otago and Sydney, a party of European settlers led by Herriott and McGillivray established themselves in what's currently metropolis, early in 1840. Their abandoned holdings were taken over by the Deans brothers in 1843 who stayed. The First Four Ships were chartered by the town Association and brought the primary 792 of the town Pilgrims to Lyttelton Harbour.These sailing vessels were the Randolph, Charlotte Jane, Sir George queen, and Cressy. The Charlotte Jane was the first to arrive on sixteen December 1850. The Canterbury Pilgrims had aspirations of building a town around a cathedral and faculty, on the model of Christ Church in Oxford.The name "Christ Church" was decided previous to the ships' arrival, at the Association's first meeting, on 27 March 1848. The exact basis for the name isn't illustrious. It has been suggested that it's named for metropolis, in Dorset, England; for Canterbury Cathedral; or in honour of Christ Church, Oxford. The last explanation is the one typically accepted.
KALKA-SHIMLA RAILWAY
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| KALKA-SHIMLA RAILWAY |
The Kalka–Shimla Railway is a 2 linear unit half dozen in (762 mm) railroad railway in North Asian country travel on a principally mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla. It is known for dramatic views of the hills and encompassing villages. The Kalka–Shimla Railway was built in 1898. to connect Shimla, the summer capital of India throughout the British rule, with the rest of the Indian rail system. At the time of construction 107 tunnels and 864 bridges, were built throughout the course of the track. The Chief Engineer of the project was H.S. Herlington.The locomotives used during the earlier amount were factory-made by Sharp, Stewart and Company, and larger locomotives were introduced which were factory-made by Hunslet Engine Company.
The diesel and diesel-hydraulic locomotives were started operation in 1955 and 1970 severally. The railway was declared a heritage by the Himachal Pradesh government in 2007, and in 2008 it became a UNESCO World Heritage web site alongwith the alternative Mountain Railways of Asian country.Shimla (then spelt Simla) was settled by the British shortly once the primary Anglo-Gurkha war, and is located at seven,116 feet (2,169 m) in the foothills of the Himalayas. By the 1830s, Shimla had already developed as a major base for land.[citation needed] It became the summer capital of British India in 1864, and was also the headquarters of the British army in Asian country.
Prior to construction of the railway, communication with the outside world was via village cart.The 1,676 mm (5 linear unit half dozen in) broad gauge Delhi-Kalka line opened in 1891. The Kalka–Shimla Railway was built on a pair of linear unit (610 mm) slim gauge tracks by the Delhi-Ambala-Kalka Railway Company starting in 1898. The estimated price was Rs eighty six,78,500 however the price doubled throughout construction.[citation needed] The 96.54 km (59.99 mi) line opened for traffic on nine Gregorian calendar month 1903. It was inaugurated by Viceroy of India Lord Curzon.Because of the high capital and maintenance prices and peculiar operating conditions, the Kalka–Shimla Railway was allowed to charge higher fares than on other lines.
However, the company was still not profitable and was purchased by the govt. on one Gregorian calendar month 1906 for Rs 1,71,07,748. In 1905 the line was regauged to 2 linear unit half dozen in (762 mm) to adapt to standards set by the Indian executive department.In 2007, the government of Himachal Pradesh declared the railway a heritage property. For about a week beginning on eleven Sep 2007, an professional team from United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization visited the railway to review and examine it for attainable choice as a World Heritage web site. On 8 Gregorian calendar month 2008, the Kalka–Shimla Railway became part of the planet Heritage web site Mountain Railways of Asian country. Alongside Darjeeling mountain range Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.
Sansar Chand accustomed keep his neighboring Kings imprisoned, and this LED to conspiracies against him. throughout a battle between the Sikhs and Katochs, the gates of the fort had been unbroken open for provides.The Gurkha army entered the opened scarcely armed gates in 1806. This forced AN alliance between prince Sansar Chand and prince Ranjit Singh. attributable to the insufficiency of the requirement among the fort when an extended war and unable to acquire any, the Gurkhas left the Fort. The Fort remained with the Katochs till 1828 once Ranjit Singh annexed it when Sansar Chand's death. The fort was finally taken by nation when the Sikh war of 1846.A British garrison occupied the fort till it had been heavily broken in AN earthquake on four Apr 1905.The entrance to the fort is thru alittle court boxed between 2 gates that were designed throughout the Sikh amount, as seems from AN inscription over the doorway.
From here an extended and slim passage leads up to the highest of the fort, through the Ahani and Amiri Darwaza (gate), each attributed to nabob Saif Ali Khan, the primary Mughal Governor of Kangra. concerning five hundred feet from the outer gate the passage turns spherical at a really sharp angle and passes through the Jehangiri Darwaza.The Darsani Darwaza, that is currently flanked by marred statues of stream Goddesses Ganga and Yamuna gave access to a court, on the side of that stood the shrines Lakshmi-Narayana Sitala and Ambika Hindu deity. In between these shrines could be a passage that leads up to the palace. it's one in all the foremost stunning forts in Republic of India.
The fort is true next to Kangra city. 32.1°N 76.27°E The fort stands on a steep rock in Purana Kangra (translates to recent Kangra) dominating the encompassing depression, designed strategically at the "sangam" confluence (places wherever 2 rivers meet) of Banganga and Majhi rivers. it's same that Kangra belongs to at least one UN agency owns the fort.Also as regards to recent Kangra is that the far-famed Jayanti Mata temple on a hill prime. The Temple was designed by the final of the Gorkha Army, Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa. additionally near entrance could be a tiny deposit that exhibits the history of Kangra fort.Adjoining the Fort is that the prince Sansar Chand Katoch deposit pass by the royalty of Kangra. The deposit additionally provides audio guides for the fort and also the deposit and includes a eating place.
